A Brief Note On The Smoking Cessation Program - 2438 Words

In the smoking cessation program, nurses play an active role to increase the health literacy of clients and encourage them to quit smoking by using the appropriate brief interventions. Brief interventions are customized pretreatment tool, which effectively improve the clients’ health literacy and increase their motivation to stop smoking (World Health Organisation, 2003, p. 4). To tailor the appropriate behavior modification interventions and increase the likelihood of quit quitting, Stages of Change model is widely used to identify the client’s stage of change process (Koyun EroÄŸlu b, 2013, p. 131). To gain further understanding of how a nurse can improve health literacy and health outcomes of smokers by using Stage of Change Model,†¦show more content†¦Department of Health and Human Services, 2014, p. 1-3). There are at least 60 chemicals found to cause numerous of cancersï ¼Å'including, but not limited to, lung, blood, Oropharynx and Esophagus (State Government of Victoria, 2014). A study, which followed 387 persons for 25 years to study the cumulative effect of smoking on the functional ability at age 75, found that in addition to significantly reduce the life expectancy, smoking increases the risk of disablements late in life of the smokers (Stà ¸vring, Avlund, Schultz-Larsen, Schroll, 2004, p. 298-300). Tobacco use affects both smokers and non-smokers. Children and pregnant women are the most vulnerable (State Government of Victoria, 2014). Passive smoking causes many adverse effects on their health even they do not smoke. It increases the risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary and neoplastic diseases in children, such as asthma, lung infections and heart diseases. For the pregnant women, it increases the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome, miscarriage and stillbirth (State Government of Victoria, 2014). In Australia, tobacco is the largest single preventable cause of diseases and death (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). According to the National drug strategy household survey 2013, the prevalence of daily smoking in Australian population over 14

The Failure of the 1848 Revolution Free Essays

The revolution of 1848 was one of the noisy and bloody one and spread almost allover the Europe. There were three major reasons for the 1848; economic crisis, the emergence of liberal political activity and the tendency to the right. France was the one of the countries that broke out from the revolutionary fighting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Failure of the 1848 Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will give information about the 1848 revolution and its failure. The 1848 revolution was more wide and vicious than the 1830 revolution as it has includes struggles between old with new and also new with new. The 1848 movements first arose in France as after the 1830 movements, socialism was gaining power; the republic supporters were increase, therefore society affected by polarization. Democratic structure was needed in order to balance the polarization whereas a bedlam was control the society because of the hard work conditions and economic crisis. â€Å"The year 1846 witnessed a severe famine-Europe’s last serious food crisis. Lack of grain drove up food and other prices while wages remained stagnant, thus reducing consumer demand.With consumers buying less and less, profits plummeted, forcing thousands of industrial workers out of their jobs. High unemployment combined with high prices sparked the liberal revolt. † The year1848 was a time period marked by a moderately liberal state which was controlled mainly by the educated elite which greatly put the middle and working classes out of action. Under the severe conditions of the year 1848, the middle class and bourgeoisie demanded; the right to vote, the extension of the political veins and the freedom of speech and thought.However, the king Louis-Philippe had not sympathy. On 18 February 1848, French revolutionists decided to assembly a meeting in France, but, the government was cancelled it one before from its date and as an answer middle class poured to the streets. As a result of non-suppression of the middle class by the military forces, government had no choice but to negotiate, however, even that sacrifice did not enough for the revolutionist and the rebel was expanded. King Louis-Philippe fled to England and the demonstrators proclaimed the Second Republic on February 24th.However, that did not cured the crisis and unemployment even made it worst. Under those circumstances, the search for past and authority was occurred and France was slowly getting close to right again. Through the aspiration of the name Napoleon, his cousin Louis Napoleon came out and won the elections with caused a birth of a kingdom under the guise of republic which may be considered as the result of the 1848 revolution; â€Å"abolishment of monarchy†. Immediately after, objections again arose from â€Å"French Left† which was rapidly suppressed.In a while, in 1852, Louis Napoleon to call himself as emperor and established a two wings assembly which was unnamed dictatorship of Napoleon 3rd. The era of 1848-1852 is a period of arbitrary enforcements, improper personal profits and lust of luxury. That is one of the reasons that the 1848 revolutions was a failure. The 1848 with its main features could be accepted as failure which is related to bloodthirsty of revolutionist; majority of society were pleased the end of the 1848 with achievement of peace.In addition to that, the 1848 was not successful for revolutionist, however, that would accepted as loss of power for the right wing; Metternich was not in charge in Austria, Hungarian rebellions†¦ etc. The revolutions probably failed due to lack of organization. In Austria, for example, the revolts in Prague, Vienna, and Budapest maintained no communication among them, allowing the Austrian army to attend to each in isolation, without a united front. Finally, the return of conservative and reactionary forces was probably due to the middle class.Another reason why the revolutions failed was because moderate liberals of the middle class feared the radicalism of the workers, preventing any type of lasting alliance. Therefore, when radicals took control of the revolutions in Paris and in Eastern Europe, the middle class liberals turned their backs, preferring absolute rule and law and order, to the uncertainty of radical revolution.REFFERENCES -Encyclopedia of Revolutions of 1848, 1 November 2005, http://www. ohio. edu/chastain/introduc. htm -French Revolution of 1848, 17 December 2010, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848 How to cite The Failure of the 1848 Revolution, Papers

Case Study of the British Residents-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. Whether Taite and Aramis would be operating through a permanent establishment, and discuss the role the permanent establishment plays in determining their liability to tax in Australia. 2. Assuming the taxable entities involved are a resident of Australia for tax purposes discuss whether interest expenses will be deductible prior to commencing business activities, during the life of the land development business and after the sale of the business. In particular explore the effect refinancing may have on the deductibility of interest expenses after the planned repurchase, 3. The deductibility of the expected losses after repurchase 4. Whether the fact the land is trading stock for the subsidiary means they will be exempt from CGT on the sale of the subsidiary 5. Identify the business risks associated with this plan and suggest some risk management strategies. Answers: Introduction The given report is based on the determination of permanent establishments of the given tax entities. In the given case, the taxpayers Taite and Aramisa are British residents and the given taxations acts of UK will be applicable for them. Both the partners are the on the verge of the entering into a business which involves the activities related to land and building development. The business is done by establishing a parent company and then financing it through the 100% subsidiary, the whole business will incur cost and income which will be taxable in Australia since the company plans to operate through a permanent establishment in Australia. The concept of permanent establishment is explained in Australian tax Act where there arises incidence of tax or according to the place of operation of business or the source of generating income or where the incidence of tax. 1.The case study of the British residents Taite and Aramisa needs to identify whether the parties are liable of tax in case of Permanent Establishment. Subsection 6 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 gives a proper description of Permanent Establishment. In the given case study, both the parties want to set up their parent company at a commercial rate by making use of their respective borrowed money for the purpose of permanent establishment (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). As per tax ruling, Taxation Ruling TR 2002/5, sub section 6(1), Permanent establishment is a place, where individuals established commercial tax forms for the purpose of carrying their respective commercial activities. In the case both the partners wants to carry on the business through a permanent establishment , where they want to engage themselves or have a place of business or the construction work and they will be operating through a agent and the place will be solely used for the purchasing of merchandise or operation of the land development. (Kabinga, 2015). From the given case study, it is also observed that both the parties Taite and Aramisa business cannot be considered as completely permanent as it involves buying and selling of their respective land and property. According to sub section 6(1), such activities cannot be termed as permanent, and therefore, their respective first criteria failed. According to the second criteria, the given business is a temporary business where the place of carrying the respective business is present under description PE as per sub section 6(1). From the case, Applegate v. FCT78 ATC 4054 at 4060; (1978), it can be inferred that permanence cannot be represented everlastingly. The permanent is the phrase that has shown the differences between either the provisional or the temporary. It has been further been determined as the assessment of truth whether temporary permanence prevails. Nevertheless in the case of Taite and Aramisa, they have to stay at least more than a period of 6 months, in order to consider themselves at temporarily permanent. Role of permanent establishment in case of determining tax liability in Australia The subsection 6 (1) of PE under ITAA 1936 defines the exact meaning and terms of permanent establishment. It plays a major role in determining an individuals tax liability in an effective manner. It can be also inferred that permanent establishment also plays a major role in case of both domestic as well as global law. It also forced to introduce law under UK 1946 Double Tax Agreement. This concept also plays a pivotal role in determination of tax treaties, where it identifies whether trade has been partial or fully carried out as per the contract of the given parties (Taylor Richardson, 2013).The concept of permanent establishment has been described in the Australian Tax Law and it is defined in the act. PE is defined in most of Australia's tax treaties to mean, among other things, a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried .This is consistent with the primary meaning of PE in the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Cap ital. The role of Permanent Establishment is a very important criterion in determining the role of the tax liability is Australia. The place of establishment is important since the liability and incidence for tax for the assesse is dependent on the criteria based on the incidence on tax on the location or place of business of the assessee. Permanent Establishment is a place where the assesse carries on the business through the agent and it can be the place of construction project or a place where the assessed is engaged as a broker or commission agent. In Australia it was first used in our tax treaty with the United Kingdom signed in 1946. It appeared specifically in Australia's domestic tax law outside the tax treaty context in 1959. 2.Taxation Rulings TR 2004/4 helps in determining whether interest rates are deductible prior commencing or during life or during sale of business when the concerned parties are residents of Australia. It is evident from the case study of Taite and Aramisa that the re-financing of the organizations existing loan needs a huge among of initial borrowing which also includes their respective interest expenses. Also, the deductibility of interest expense may also consider the extent of the borrowing of loans and the exact usage of it (Wilkins, 2015). According to the case, Kidston Goldmines Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation, the judgment was given by explaining the concept whether the funds were used based on individual purpose or not and it became important in the assessment of deductibility of the interest expense. It remains to be seen in case of Taite and Aramisa, whether interest expense took place during any income generating activity or not.There is an expense for the borrowed On the other hand, according to the case, Texas Company (Australasia) Limited v. FC of T(1940) 63 CLR 382, it has been seen that Australian taxation system takes into consideration, the interest on borrowed funds in order to safeguard the respective capital. The tax structure is considered in order to finance the interest on the loan from the borrowed capital.In such cases, interest is regard as capital asset in the initial stages and later it is involved in any income generated activities (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016).Therefore, in case of the given case study, Taite and Aramisa, interest expense can be considered as capital expenditure as in this case, capital asset is created while interest payment is also becoming recurring. However, this cannot be considered as an advantageous position for Taite and Aramisa. As per the principles of FC of T v. Roberts, it has stated that as per the case for the particular type of considerations and it has stated that there will be different types of the stated consideration that enables the both of the partners to take the decision of refinancing so that they are regarded for the deductions taken from the partnership capital. The case of Texas Company (Australasia) Limited v. FC of T(1940) 63 CLR 382 has stated that the considerations of the borrowed interest funds which has been based on the protection of the capital which has in terms of the existing income and producing activities . 3.Section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 defines the concept of deductibility of expected losses in case of any re-purchase. On the other hand, the taxation rulings of TR 95/2reflects that such losses cannot be considered as capital expenditure in case of attainment of taxable income of a respective taxpayer. In case of the case study of Taite and Aramisa, the loss incurred by the taxpayer clearly meets the requirements of section 8-1. According to the case, FC of T v. Smith92 ATC 4380, interest on borrowing will be considered as deduction to the extent up to which capital was engaged in the business with a view of producing or acquiring the respective taxable income. Therefore, in case of the given case study, the commercial aspects need to be considered in case of deduction of expected losses (Taylor Richardson, 2013). Apart from this, it can be also inferred that expenditures will be deducted according to section 8-1, if that particular expenditure has a direct link with the activities and function of the respective tax payer. Therefore, in order to calculate for the loss of the parties Taite and Aramisa, considerations must be given all the factors which are surrounded around all the events of losses of the concerned parties (Kabinga, 2015). The expenditures which was incurred in the business and the sale of the subsidiary and thus it will incur losses due to the continuous losses due to interest expenses. Since the loans will not be paid therefore the interest on loan has to be paid continuously. Thus the losses will be paid continuously, therefore Taite and Aramisa shall consider all the factors of for the concerned losses. It can be also inferred that the existing scenario fulfills all the requirements of section 8-1. As held in the case of FC of T v. Riverside Road Pty Ltd90 ATC 4567 the court has come to the conclusion that the use of the summarized principles which is concerned with the deductions under section 51 (1) of the Act . It is important to note that the expenditure should have possessed sufficient association which will function and thus proportionately generates assessable income to meet the statutory criterion for carrying on the business. Necessary attention must be paid in determining the deductibility of loss for Taite and Aramis for the objective surrounding the loss. With reference to section 8-1 the existing scenario successfully fulfils the criterion of the taxpayer (Robin 2017). 4.(Trading stock exempted from CGT) Capital Gains Tax or CGT refers to those taxes, which is paid on capital gain on the respective income tax of a particular individual. It can be inferred that if an individual acquires a vacant land for private purposes, then it is taken as a capital asset and it is subjected to CGT. On the contrary, if the same land is acquired for business purposes, then, it is termed as trading stock. Land is considered as trading stock for the purpose of income tax. In case of Taite and Aramisa, land can be considered as trading stock as they bought the land for the purpose of re-sale. Therefore, capital gains is not at applicable, where land has been used as trading stock. The land is used for the business purpose therefore it is taxable as profits and gains from business and profession. The land which they acquired was not used by them personally so the tax which was raised from such sale is not allocate to capital gain tax and the proceeds would be treated or the taxation purpose as business g ains. In addition to this, it can be inferred that proceeds from capital gain will not be treated as capital gain since trading stock is exempt for the purpose of tax as capital gain. (Fry, 2017). 5.(Business risks associated with the given plan) Taite and Aramisa are certainly like to face several types of business risks which is associated with their respective plan of business operations. These risks are as follows:- Increase in cost of raw materials associated with construction It can be inferred that economic conditions of a country may change with due course of time. Therefore, prices of raw materials, along with construction costs will probably rise with them. Therefore, it is of great essence to keep a contingency plan in order to tackle the risks of higher costs with due course of time (King, 2016). Increase of rate of interest Another business risk that Taite and Aramisa may face is sudden increase in rate of interest. It can be deduced that there is a huge possibility in increase of interest rates in the given industry. In that case, if they borrow money, then they will have to also pay a higher amount of interest rate as well. In addition to this, there is bound to be huge variations in demand and supply of property market with due course of time. Therefore, it is important for Taite and Aramisa to manage these risks in a timely manner (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). Risk management strategies The first step of risk management strategy is to identify the risk management strategy and the step or the strategies formulated by the management to identify and take precautions. The type of risk varies from business to business but the one has to prepare for risk management strategies so as to hedge or offset the risk involved in the project (Fry, 2017). Balance scorecard: - Taite and Aramisa can implement the strategy of balance score card in order to view all their future strategies effectively. The tool is very effective and is one of the risk management risk strategy, the company formulates the strategy thereby addressing critical problems and then analyzing the task and at last this step is to prioritizing the risks by them. With the help of this tool, they can prepare a contingency plan and also minimize their loopholes effectively (Maurer, 2017). Sensitivity analysis:- The above tool helps to evaluate the future profitability of the firm with due course of time. It has different type of independent and dependent variables, which have a considerable impact over their outcome (Wilkins, 2015). Sensitivity analysis is a technique, which is used by the company in adverse situation when there is a change in the risk and it is easier for the person to identify key variables and the consequences it will have on the profit if there is any change in the investment. Taite and his business colleague Aramis are planning to set up a new company and they want to finance the project with the loan so this strategy of sensitivity analysis of risk management will help both of them to do the business effectively (Basak, 2016). Feedback from stakeholders An effective feedback from the given stakeholders also helps individuals to make necessary steps and minimize their respective variances. Taite and Aramisa can take feedback from their respective stakeholders and conduct a proper audit of their plan. Based on the evaluation, both of them can take necessary steps in order to minimize their respective variances. This will further help them to understand their respective outcomes based on the respective sections of Australian Taxation. Conclusion It can be concluded that several tax legislations are applicable for the case of Taite and Aramisa for their activities of dealing and holding of land. The business plan that they construct consist of various tax laws and the incidence of tax is dependent on the residential status and the place where they have permanent business. Although there is sale of subsidiary, it was expected that they will generate losses due to continuous interest income, also the risk management strategy will help in the evaluation of the risks associated with it. Based on it, several risk management strategies have been suggested to Taite and Aramisa. References Basak, S. (2016). Equalization Levy: A New Perspective of E-Commerce Taxation.Intertax,44(11), 845-852. Christie, M. (2015). Principles of Taxation Law 2015. Dunne, J., Taylor, H., Batten, N., Krapivensky, N. (2016). 2015 case review: High ATO success rate continues.Taxation in Australia,50(10), 609. Faccio, M., Xu, J. (2015). Taxes and capital structure.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(3), 277-300. Fry, M. (2017). Australian taxation of offshore hubs: an examination of the law on the ability of Australia to tax economic activity in offshore hubs and the position of the Australian Taxation Office.The APPEA Journal,57(1), 49-63. Fry, M. (2017). Australian taxation of offshore hubs: an examination of the law on the ability of Australia to tax economic activity in offshore hubs and the position of the Australian Taxation Office.The APPEA Journal,57(1), 49-63. Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Jacob, M. (2016). Tax regimes and capital gains realizations.European Accounting Review, 1-21. Kabinga, M. (2015). Established principles of taxation.Tax justice poverty. King, M. (2016). Offshore hubs: Developments in multinational corporate tax anti-avoidance.Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal,35(2), 142. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Maurer, L., Port, C., Roth, T., Walker, J. (2017). A Brave New Post-BEPS World: New Double Tax Treaty Between Germany and Australia Implements BEPS Measures.Intertax,45(4), 310-321. McClure, R., Lanis, R., Govendir, B. (2016). Analysis of Tax Avoidance Strategies of Top Foreign Multinationals Operating in Australia: An Expose. Miller, A., Oats, L. (2016).Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing. ROBIN, H. (2017).AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press. Saad, N. (2014). Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, 1069-1075. Taylor, G., Richardson, G. (2013). The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,22(1), 12-25. Wilkins, R. (2015). Measuring income inequality in Australia.Australian Economic Review,48(1), 93-102. Woellner, R. H., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press.

Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Development Programs

Table of Contents Introduction Purpose Statement Research Hypotheses Background Significance of the Research Methodology Reference List Introduction The assessment of effectiveness of students’ academic performance is significant for further improvements and measures that may be taken to change the situation at school or any other educational institution. In this respect, it is necessary to evaluate the current situation and conduct research to evaluate the situation after implementing changes. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Development Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The evaluation should concern the methods of teaching as claimed by students (measure if students are satisfied with teaching methods and practical implementation of curriculum using a rubric); instance s of technology use in classes, student and faculty attitudes, or changes in teaching practices should be measured as well. Analysis of changes in the situation can show how effective the changes can be and what areas of academic activity should receive more attention even after implementation of changes into academic curriculum. Purpose Statement The purpose of the research consists in the evaluation of situation at an educational institution after the introduction of changes. The research is sure to demonstrate the most vulnerable areas of academic curriculum and technological advancement. The results of the research will become the evidence for implementation of further practices into academic curriculum and professional development sessions. The purpose of the current research consists in assessment of effectiveness of changes and consideration of their further implementation. Research Hypotheses The introduction of changes can affect all parties concerned and it is important t o know how effective the changed are in terms of academic progress and satisfaction of students from practical implementation of academic curriculum. If the changes are really effective, researchers should share their experience and claim to make changes at a national level regarding all educational institutions of different academic levels. If the changes prove to be ineffective, it is necessary to question a necessity of further application of those practices in the educational institution under consideration and prevent other institutions that face similar problems from introducing those changes. In this respect, it is necessary to evaluate academic progress and effectiveness of teaching methods used by tutors after completion of professional development sessions and skills gained during those sessions to make students interested in class activities and get a feedback and constructive criticism on the strategies used after the reform.Advertising Looking for assessment on e ducation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background It is necessary to note that every greater change involves minor changes that are sure to affect all areas relevant to the main field that should undergo changes. In this respect, it would be really interesting to take into account Guskey’s (1986 as cited in Walpole McKenna, 2004, p.188) research and implementation of heuristic approach. â€Å"†¦staff development sessions [should] be targeted directly to changing teacher practice, that data collected to track the effects of that changed practice on student outcomes, and that these changes in student outcomes influence changes in teachers’ beliefs and attitudes† (Walpole McKenna, 2004, p.188). As the knowledge gained during professional development sessions can be applicable to real life situation in terms of education, teachers are expected to implement theory into practice during their classes, hence improving students’ understanding of the material and raising their interest and encouraging participation and constructive feedbacks on the curriculum and activities in class. Significance of the Research The research is significant due to its original idea to investigate the academic progress of students through their personal assessment of the changed curriculum, technological approach, and design. Analyzing students’ opinion, it is easier to explore the situation from inside, thus, learning the effectiveness of changes implemented after professional development sessions and other alterations introduced into academic process. The importance of the research concerns the analysis of data and assessment of effectiveness of methods used to improve the academic curriculum, methods of teaching, and students’ involvement into activities. Methodology The qualitative approach should be used for more effective collection and analysis of data. It is necessary to compl ete a survey so that all aspects were covered. As the research should be designed including two parts such as collecting information and evaluation of gathered data, the surveys and criteria should be designed correspondingly. Thus, the collecting part should be designed in the form of a survey so that every student, parent and teacher could assess the situation concerning academic curriculum, technological implementation of innovations, and teaching methods. Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle (2010) report about the parents’ participation in evaluation of the situation in academic curriculum ad progress of students (p.36); thereby, parents’ assessment of the situation is of crucial importance as it enables researchers to analyze the situation in general as viewed by all parties concerned. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Devel opment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is necessary to complete questionnaires for parents and distribute those among parents during parents-teachers conferences. This will enable researchers to get a feedback from parents as well as from students. Surveys can be considered the most appropriate method for applying qualitative approach to the institution (Creswell, 2003, p.5). The assessment criteria should be presented in the form of a rubric to define the practices applied to the academic curriculum as those that appeared to be effective, partially effective, or ineffective. Reference List Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. Lodico, M., Spaulding, D. T., Voegtle, K. H. (2010). Methods in educational research: from theory to practice. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley Sons. Walpole, S., McKenna, M. C. (2004). The literac y coach’s handbook: A guide to research-based practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press. This assessment on Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Development Programs was written and submitted by user Moderate Kid to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of World English

Definition and Examples of World English The term World English (or World Englishes) refers to the  English language as it is variously used throughout the world. Also known as international English and Global English. The English language is now spoken in more than 100 countries. Varieties of World English include American English, Australian English, Babu English, Banglish, British English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, Chicano English, Chinese English, Denglish (Denglisch), Euro-English,Hinglish, Indian English, Irish English, Japanese English, New Zealand English, Nigerian English, Philippine English, Scottish English, Singapore English, South African English, Spanglish, Taglish, Welsh English, West African Pidgin English, and Zimbabwean English. Linguist Braj Kachru has divided the varieties of World English into three concentric circles: inner, outer, and expanding. Although these labels are imprecise and in some ways misleading, many scholars would agree with Paul Bruthiaux that they offer a useful shorthand for classifying contexts of English world-wide (Squaring the Circles in the International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2003). For a simple graphic of Braj Kachrus circle model of World Englishes, visit page eight  of the slideshow  World Englishes: Approaches, Issues, and Resources.Author Henry Hitchings has observed that the term World English is still in use, but is contested by critics who believe it strikes too strong a note of dominance (The Language Wars, 2011). A Phase in the History of English World English has been defined as a phase in the history of the English language. This phase has witnessed the transformation of English from the mother tongue of a handful of nations to a language being used by far more speakers in non-mother tongue settings. The changes that have accompanied this spreadthe multiplicity of varietiesresult not from the faulty and imperfect learning of the non-mother tongue speakers, but from the nature of the process of microacquisition, language spread and change.(Janina Brutt-Griffler, World English. Multilingual, 2002) Standardized Patterns The global spread of English, its causes and consequences, have long been a focus of critical discussion. One of the main concerns has been that of standardization. This is also because, unlike other international languages such as Spanish and French, English lacks any official body setting and prescribing the norms of the language. This apparent linguistic anarchy has generated a tension between those who seek stability of the code through some form of convergence and the forces of linguistic diversity that are inevitably set in motion when new demands are made on a language that has assumed a global role of such immense proportions.One consequence of the global predominance that English has gained over the last few decades is that today non-native speakers of English far outnumber its native speakers (Graddol 1997, Crystal 2003).(Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni, Introduction to  English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. Continuum, 2006)[A]lthough world English is varied, ce rtain varieties and registers are fairly tightly controlled, often through standardized patterns of use . . .. Thus, there is a marked uniformity in the following arenas:(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford University Press, 2002)AirportsIn the public usage of international airports, where, on signboards, English is often twinned with other languages, and announcements are commonly in English or are multilingual including EnglishNewspapers and periodicalsEnglish-language broadsheet newspapers and magazine-style periodicals, in which the texts are tightly edited . . .Broadcast mediaThe programming of CNN, the BBC, and other especially TV news-and-views services, in which presentational formulas and formats are at least as crucial as in newspapersComputer use, email, and the Internet/WebIn such computer and Internet services as those offered by Microsoft . . .. Teaching World English The UK needs to abandon its outdated attitudes to English and embrace new forms of the language to maintain its influence in the global market, the leftwing thinktank Demos said today.In a series of recommendations, the report, As you like it: Catching up in an age of global English, says that far from being corruptions of English, new versions of the language, such as Chinglish and Singlish (Chinese and Singaporean varieties of English) have values that we must learn to accommodate and relate to.It says the UK should focus English teaching on how the language is now used around the world, not according to arcane strictures of how it should be spoken and written. . . .The reports authors, Samuel Jones and Peter Bradwell, say change is vital if the UK wants to maintain its influence around the world. . . .We have retained ways of thinking about the English language that were more suited to empire than they are to a modern, globalised world and we are at risk of becoming outdated, says the report.(Liz Ford, UK Must Embrace Modern English, Report Warns. The Guardian [UK], March 15, 2007) Alternate Spellings: world English

If Sentences for ESL Learners

If Sentences for ESL Learners English learners should learn if sentences, also known as conditional forms, in order to discuss various possibilities that are either realistic or imaginary. Follow the introduction below, you will find a grammar overview and explanation for each tense. Once you are familiar with these forms, use the referenced materials to practice and further your understanding of these forms. Teachers can print out the comprehension materials related to the materials, as well as the suggested lesson plans with point-by-point instructions on how to teach the conditional  forms in class. The Basics: What Are If Sentences? If sentences are used to discuss things that happen based on the condition that something else happens. There are three main types of if sentences. Use an if sentence in the first conditional to consider real, possible events in the present or future: If it rains, Ill take an umbrella. Use an if sentences in the second conditional to speculate about unreal, improbable events in the present moment or future: If I had a million dollars, Id buy a big house. An if sentence in the third conditional concerns imaginary (unreal) outcomes of past events: If he had spent more time studying, he would have passed the exam. If Sentence Forms Overview: If Sentence # 1 First Conditional If S present simple objects, S will verb objects- If the boys finish their homework early, they will play baseball. If Sentence # 2 Second Conditional If S past simple objects, S would verb objects- If he bought a new car, he would buy a Ford. If Sentence # 3 Third Conditional If S past perfect objects, S would have past participle objects- If she had seen him, she would have discussed the issues with him. Study If Sentences In Depth: Here is a detailed guide to all conditional forms with examples, important exceptions to the rules and a structured guide. The alternate guide provides options for advanced level learners. Finally, this guide to choosing between the first or second conditional provides further help on deciding whether to use the real or unreal conditional. Test Your Understanding of If Sentences: Once youve studied the rules - or if you already know the rules - test your knowledge: Conditional Forms Quiz For advanced level learners here is a reading dialogue comprehension exercise that focuses on using the third conditional. Teach a Lesson about If Sentences: This first and second conditional forms lesson employs reading comprehension about emergencies to help students discover and review the forms. Once students are comfortable with the form, they discuss other difficult or unusual situations using the first and second conditional This conditionals tic-tac-toe is a great game to help students review all three if sentence forms. Finally, here is a printable conditional form quiz to use in class. If Sentence Activities: Practice if sentences with grammar chants. Using chants, you and your classes can practice the structure so that it becomes natural and easy to remember.

Kone's Strategic Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Kone's Strategic Plan - Research Paper Example It will also show how KONE might use digital marketing as a competitive advantage. KONE is a very well reputed organization in the elevator and escalator industry. It is being noticed that in modern day business, digital marketing is playing a significant role. It is the need of the hour. Each and every global organization is understanding importance of digital marketing in their organizations. Digital marketing is such a promotional technique that, it can attract lots of customers within very short period of time. It reduces lots time and money for organizations. As an organization KONE faces the issue related with digital marketing. It is very important for the company to introduce digital marketing to maintain its competitive advantages. Long term vision, mission and corporate objectives are very important for every organization to excel in the future. KONE has very clear vision to provide best people flow experience. Here in this section mission statement and corporate objectives of the organization will be discussed. The organization measures their progress toward their vision. In course of that, they set some strategic targets. The organization has clear mission to acquire as many as loyal customers as possible. The company is very much committed to provide good working environment to their work forces. Sustainability and market leadership is a big priority for the organization. KONE has very significant corporate objectives. It wants to be a global market leader on the basis of technological innovation and creativity. Profitability and customer centricity is a very important characteristic of their corporate objective. The organization aims at long term higher financial growth than the normal industry standard. It wants to increase its global presence and want to satisfy different segments of their customers. The organization has decisive corporate objectives to match with different mega trends of the industry. Situation analysis has great

The Significance of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Research Paper

The Significance of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Contemporary Period - Research Paper Example It is in the last three decades that numerous discourses on CSR happened (Campbell 2007). There is an assumption that the notion of CSR has contributed to the changed nature of modern organizations (Tencati & Zolsnai, 2009). Since, CSR becomes the theoretical basis for organisations to accept the truism that their responsibility is not only to secure and increase profit for the firm (Milton, 1970), but it also includes being responsible to other actors in the society that may be affected by the actions and activities of the company. The ‘noble’ intention underpinning CSR has earned the ideal wide acceptance in the business world. However, in the recent past, many are questioning the validity and ’authenticity’ of CSR because of the obvious contradictions between what some well-known corporations are doing and saying. This situation is heightened by the Enron experience, the global economic crisis that started in 2007, and the various ethical issues involving pharmaceutical companies, sweatshops, child labour and other similar cases that persist despite claims of adhering to the tenets of CSR. Thus, now some are questioning the continued importance of CSR in the midst of corporate abuses and impunities. In this regard, this research will attempt to address the problem ‘is there still a continued significance for corporate social responsibility?’ With this question, the research aims to understand the current perception of some scholars regarding the importance of CSR. Likewise, the study intends to know whether there is still a meaning for CSR in the contemporary period. Finally, it intends to determine the continued possible merits of CSR despite some impurities of some well-rated firms. In order to address the issue and achieve the objectives of the study, the research adopted a documentary analysis of some articles relevant to the research topic.

China Economy Essay Example for Free

China Economy Essay The rapid rise of China as a major economic power within a time span of about three decades is often described by analysts as one of the greatest economic success stories in modern times. From 1979 (when economic reforms began) to 2011, China’s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of nearly 10%. From 1980 to 2011, real GDP grew 19-fold in real terms, real per capita GDP increased 14-fold, and an estimated 500 million people were raised out of extreme poverty. China is now the world’s second-largest economy and some analysts predict it could become the largest within a few years. Yet, on a per capita basis, China remains a relatively poor country. China’s economic rise has led to a substantial increase in U. S. -China economic ties. According to U. S. trade data, total trade between the two countries surged from $5 billion in 1980 to $503 billion in 2011. China is currently the United States’ second-largest trading partner, its third largest export market, and its largest source of imports. Many U. S. ompanies have extensive operations in China in order to sell their products in the booming Chinese market and to take advantage of lower-cost labor for export-oriented manufacturing. These operations have helped some U. S. firms to remain internationally competitive and have supplied U. S. consumers with a variety of low-cost goods. China’s large-scale purchases of U. S. Treasury securities (which totaled nearly $1. 2 trillion at the end of 2011) have enabled the federal government to fund its budget deficits, which help keep U. S. interest rates relatively low. However, the emergence of China as a major economic superpower has raised concern among many U. S. policymakers. Some claim that China uses unfair trade practices (such as an undervalued currency and subsidies given to domestic producers) to flood U. S. markets with low cost goods, and that such practices threaten American jobs, wages, and living standards. Others contend that China’s growing use of industrial policies to promote and protect certain domestic Chinese industries firms favored by the government, and its failure to take effective action against widespread infringement of U.  S. intellectual property rights (IPR) in China, threaten to undermine the competitiveness of U. S. IP-intensive industries. In addition, while China has become a large and growing market for U. S. exports, critics contend that numerous trade and investment barriers limit opportunities for U. S. firms to sell in China, or force them to set up production facilities in China as the price of doing business there. Other concerns relating to China’s economic growth include its growing demand for energy and raw materials and its emergence as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gasses. The Chinese government views a growing economy as vital to maintaining social stability. However, China faces a number of major economic challenges which could undermine future growth, including distortive economic policies that have resulted in over-reliance on fixed investment and exports for economic growth (rather than on consumer demand), government support for state-owned firms, a weak banking system, widening income gaps, growing pollution, and the relative lack of the rule of law in China. Many economists warn that such problems could undermine China’s future economic growth. The Chinese government has acknowledged these problems and has pledged to address them by implementing policies to boost consumer spending, expand social safety net coverage, and encourage the development of less-polluting industries. China’s Economy Prior to Reforms Prior to 1979, China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, maintained a centrally planned, or command, economy. A large share of the country’s economic output was directed and controlled by the state, which set production goals, controlled prices, and allocated resources throughout most of the economy. During the 1950s, all of China’s individual household farms were collectivized into large communes. To support rapid industrialization, the central government undertook large-scale investments in physical and human capital during the 1960s and 1970s. As a result, by 1978 nearly three-fourths of industrial production was produced by centrally controlled, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), according to centrally planned output targets. Private enterprises and foreign-invested firms were generally barred. A central goal of the Chinese government was to make China’s economy relatively self-sufficient. Foreign trade was generally limited to obtaining only those goods that could not be made or obtained in China. Government policies kept the Chinese economy relatively stagnant and inefficient, mainly because most aspects of the economy were managed and run by the central government (and thus there were few profit incentives for firms, workers, and farmers), competition was virtually nonexistent, foreign trade and investment flows were mainly limited to Soviet bloc countries, and price and production controls caused widespread distortions in the economy. Chinese living standards were substantially lower than those of many other developing countries. The Chinese government in 1978 (shortly after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976) decided to break with its Soviet-style economic policies by gradually reforming the economy according to free market principles and opening up trade and investment with the West, in the hope that this would significantly increase economic growth and raise living standards. As Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, the architect of China’s economic reforms, put it: â€Å"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter what color the cat is as long as it catches mice? The Introduction of Economic Reforms Beginning in 1979, China launched several economic reforms. The central government initiated price and ownership incentives for farmers, which enabled them to sell a portion of their crops on the free market. In addition, the government established four special economic zones along the coast for the purpose of attract ing foreign investment, boosting exports, and importing high technology products into China. Additional reforms, which followed in stages, sought to decentralize economic policymaking in several sectors, especially trade. Economic control of various enterprises was given to provincial and local governments, which were generally allowed to operate and compete on free market principles, rather than under the direction and guidance of state planning. In addition, citizens were encouraged to start their own businesses. Additional coastal regions and cities were designated as open cities and development zones, which allowed them to experiment with free market reforms and to offer tax and trade incentives to attract foreign investment. In addition, state price controls on a wide range of products were gradually eliminated. Trade liberalization was also a major key to China’s economic success. Removing trade barriers encouraged greater competition and attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. China’s gradual implementation of economic reforms sought to identify which policies produced favorable economic outcomes (and which did not) so that they could be implemented in other parts of the country, a process Deng Xiaoping reportedly referred to as â€Å"crossing the river by touching the stones. † China’s Economic Growth Since Reforms: 1979-2012 Since the introduction of economic reforms, China’s economy has grown substantially faster than during the pre-reform period (see Table 1). According to the Chinese government, from 1953 to 1978, real annual GDP growth was estimated at 6. 7%, although many analysts claim that Chinese economic data during this period are highly questionable because government officials often exaggerated production levels for a variety of political reasons. Agnus Maddison estimates China’s average annual real GDP during this period at 4. %. China’s economy suffered economic downturns during the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, including during the Great Leap Forward from 1958 to 1960 (which led to a massive famine and reportedly the deaths of tens of millions of people) and the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976 (which caused political chaos and greatly disrupted the economy). During the reform period (1979-2011), Chinaâ €™s average annual real GDP grew by 9. 9%. This essentially has meant that, on average China has been able to double the size of its economy in real terms every eight years. The global economic slowdown, which began in 2008, impacted the Chinese economy (especially the export sector). China’s real GDP growth fell from 14. 2% in 2007 to 9. 6% in 2008 to 9. 2% in 2009. In response, the Chinese government implemented a large economic stimulus package and an expansive monetary policy. These measures boosted domestic investment and consumption and helped prevent a sharp economic slowdown in China. In 2010, China’s real GDP grew by 10. 4%, and in 2011 it rose by 9. 2%. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects that China’s real GDP will grow by 7. 8% in 2012. From 2013 to 2017, the IMP projects that China’s real GDP growth will average 8. 5%. Table 1- China’s average annual real GDP growth. Causes of China’s Economic Growth Economists generally attribute much of China’s rapid economic growth to two main factors: large-scale capital investment (financed by large domestic savings and foreign investment) and rapid productivity growth. These two factors appear to have gone together hand in hand. Economic reforms led to higher efficiency in the economy, which boosted output and increased resources for additional investment in the economy. China has historically maintained a high rate of savings. When reforms were initiated in 1979, domestic savings as a percentage of GDP stood at 32%. However, most Chinese savings during this period were generated by the profits of SOEs, which were used by the central government for domestic investment. Economic reforms, which included the decentralization of economic production, led to substantial growth in Chinese household savings as well as corporate savings. As a result, China’s gross savings as a percentage of GDP has steadily risen, reaching 53. 9% in 2010 (compared to a U. S. rate of 9. 3%), and is among the highest savings rates in the world. The large level of savings has enabled China to boost domestic investment. In fact, its gross domestic savings levels far exceed its domestic investment levels, meaning that China is a large net global lender. Several economists have concluded that productivity gains (i. e. , increases in efficiency) have been another major factor in China’s rapid economic growth. The improvements to productivity were caused largely by a reallocation of resources to more productive uses, especially in sectors that were formerly heavily controlled by the central government, such as agriculture, trade, and services. For example, agricultural reforms boosted production, freeing workers to pursue employment in the more productive manufacturing sector. China’s decentralization of the economy led to the rise of non-state enterprises (such as private firms), which tended to pursue more productive activities than the centrally controlled SOEs and were more market-oriented, and hence, more efficient. Additionally, a greater share of the economy (mainly the export sector) was exposed to competitive forces. Local and provincial governments were allowed to establish and operate various enterprises on market principles, without interference from the central government. In addition, FDI in China brought with it new technology and processes that boosted efficiency. As indicated in Figure 2, China has achieved high rates of total factor productivity (TFP) growth relative to the United States. TFP represents an estimate of the part of economic output growth not accounted for by the growth in inputs (such as labor and capital), and is often attributed to the effects of technological change and efficiency gains. China experiences faster TFP growth than most developed countries such as the United States because of its ability to access and utilize existing foreign technology and know-how. High TFP growth rates have been a major factor behind China’s rapid economic growth rate. However, as China’s technological development begins to approach that of major developed countries, its level of productivity gains, and thus, real GDP growth, could slow significantly from its historic 10% average, unless China becomes a major center for new technology and innovation and/or implements new comprehensive economic reforms. As indicated in Figure 3, the EIU currently projects that China’s real GDP growth will slow considerably in the years ahead, averaging 7. 0% from 2012 to 2020, and falling to 3. 7% from 2021 to 2030. The Chinese government has indicated its desire to move away from its current economic model of fast growth at any cost to more â€Å"smart† economic growth, which seeks to reduce reliance on energy-intensive and high-polluting industries and rely more on high technology, green energy, and services. China also has indicated it wants to obtain more balanced economic growth. Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has led many analysts to speculate if and when China will overtake the United States as the â€Å"world’s largest economic power. † The â€Å"actual† size of China’s economy has been a subject of extensive debate among economists. Measured in U. S. dollars using nominal exchange rates, China’s GDP in 2011 was $7. 2 trillion, less than half the size of the U. S. economy. The per capita GDP (a common measurement of a country’s living standards) of China was $5,460, which was 12% the size of Japan’s level and 11% that of the United States (see Table 2). Many economists contend that using nominal exchange rates to convert Chinese data (or that of other countries) into U. S. dollars fails to reflect the true size of China’s economy and living standards relative to the United States. Nominal exchange rates simply reflect the prices of foreign currencies vis-a-vis the U. S. dollar and such measurements exclude differences in the prices for goods and services across countries. To illustrate, one U. S. dollar exchanged for local currency in China would buy more goods and services there than it would in the United States. This is because prices for goods and services in China are generally lower than they are in the United States. Conversely, prices for goods and services in Japan are generally higher than they are in the United States (and China). Thus, one dollar exchanged for local Japanese currency would buy fewer goods and services there than it would in the United States. Economists attempt to develop estimates of exchange rates based on their actual purchasing power relative to the dollar in order to make more accurate comparisons of economic data across countries, usually referred to as a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. The PPP exchange rate increases the (estimated) measurement of China’s economy and its per capita GDP. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, (EIU), which utilizes World Bank data, prices for goods and services in China are 41. 5% the level they are in the United States. Adjusting for this price differential raises the value of China’s 2011 GDP from $7. 2 trillion (nominal dollars) to $11. 4 trillion (on a PPP basis). This would indicate that China’s economy is 76. 0% the size of the U. S. economy. China’s share of global GDP on a PPP basis rose from 3. 7% in 1990 to 14. % in 2011 (the U. S. share of global GDP peaked at 24. 3% in 1999 and declined to 18. 9% in 2011); see Figure 4. Many economic analysts predict that on a PPP basis China will soon overtake the United States as the world’s largest economy. EIU, for example, projects this will occur by 2016, and that by 2030, China’s economy could be 30% larger than that of the United St ates. This would not be the first time in history that China was the world’s largest economy (see text box). The PPP measurement also raises China’s 2011 per capita GDP (from $5,460) to $8,650, which was 17. 9% of the U. S. evel. The EIU projects this level will rise to 34. 3% by 2030. Thus, although China will likely become the world’s largest economy in a few years on a PPP basis, it will likely take many years for its living standards to approach U. S. levels. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China China’s trade and investment reforms and incentives led to a surge in FDI beginning in the early 1990s. Such flows have been a major source of China’s productivity gains and rapid economic and trade growth. There were reportedly 445,244 foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) registered in China in 2010, employing 55. million workers or 15. 9% of the urban workforce. As indicated in Figure 5, FIEs account for a significant share of China’s industrial output. That level rose from 2. 3% in 1990 to a high of 35. 9% in 2003, but fell to 27. 1% by 2010. In addition, FIE’s are responsible for a significant level of China’s foreign trade. In 2011, FIEs in China accounted for 52. 4% of China’s exports and 49. 6% of its imports, although this level was down from its peak in 2006 when FIEs’ share of Chinese exports and imports was 58. 2% and 59. 7%, respectively, as indicated in Figure 6. FIEs in China dominate China’s high technology exports. From 2002 to 2010, the share of China’s high tech exports by FIEs rose from 79% to 82%. During the same period, the share of China’s high tech exports by wholly owned foreign firms (which excludes foreign joint ventures with Chinese firms) rose from 55% to 67%. According to the Chinese government, annual FDI inflows into China grew from $2 billion in 1985 to $108 billion in 2008. Due to the effects of the global economic slowdown, FDI flows to China fell by 12. 2% to $90 billion in 2009. They totaled $106 billion in 2010 and $116 billion in 2011 (see Figure 7). Chinese data for January-October 2012 indicate that FDI fell by 3. 5% on a year-on-year basis; FDI into China will likely total around $112. 1 billion for the full year. Hong Kong was reported as the largest source of FDI flows to China in 2011 (63. 9% of total), followed by Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, and the United States. The cumulative level (or stock) of FDI in China at the end of 2011 is estimated at $1. 2 trillion, making it one of the world’s largest destinations of FDI. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, China was the world’s second-largest destination for FDI flows in 2011, after the United States (see Figure 8). The largest sources of cumulative FDI in China for 1979-2011 were Hong Kong (43. 5% of total), the British Virgin Islands, Japan, the United States, and Taiwan (see Table 3). According to Chinese data, annual U. S. FDI flows to China peaked at $5. 4 billion in 2002 (10. 2% of total FDI in China). In 2011, they were $3. 0 billion or 2. 6% of total FDI (see Figure 9). From January to October 2012, U. S. FDI in China rose by 3. 8% (year-on-year).

Women and Sport in Girlfight, Billy Elliott and Dare to Compete :: Film Movies

Women and Sport in Girlfight, Billy Elliott and Dare to Compete When a woman or man joins a non-traditional sport for their gender or sex, it can have drastic social and cultural costs. These impact not just the individual but also the entire community. When a person challenges the gender roles of society, then they change the perceptions of what men or women are capable of doing, they further androgynize cultural norms, and they open up sports for others. First of all, it is important to note that the first few challengers to a gender role are seen as novelties. In the film 'Dare to Compete', many early woman athletes were co-opted into male teams to attract more fans. Baseball managers would often employ stunts to raise their ticket sales, with one black team – the Clowns –putting on a vaudeville show during the game. The Clowns did have a female player, but she was not publicized to grab more attention at first. Later, advertisements would announce her presence as astounding that a woman could play as well as a man. She was a novelty within a novel team. In the all-female league during World War 2, the managers would have the girls wear short skirts and put on makeup to look like "ladies". Men would come hoping for a striptease in the middle of the game, because women were placed in the same category of sports as the black leagues. That is, they were only to entertain and not actually compete. In 'Girlfight', the main character is at first skeptically viewed by her coach and then she is viewed as a humorous oddity until she proves her determination. Last year, Muhamid Ali and George Foreman's daughters decided to fight each other in a rematch of the famed Rumble in the Jungle. This received major network coverage and was a pay-per-view event on HBO, but the girls were trivialized and many late night commentators ridiculed the idea of women boxing more than one round. Jay Leno suggested that in between rounds, the ladies would stop to touch up their makeup or become enraged if their hair was mussed during the match. The event was well watched because of this curiosity, and it hopefully proved that the daughters of Ali and Forman were just as much an athlete as they were. Women or men who enter a non-traditional sport for their gender will always be viewed with skepticism.

Environmental Message in Wall-E Essay

Introduction The film Wall-E is related to the science and description area because it talks about the environment and what can happen in the future. The film starts with a robot named Wall-E and he has been assigned to clean up Earth from all the waste that the humans have left behind. It shows him coming out of his house that is full of little different things that humans would think are trash but he does not know what they are and considers them treasures. As he is performing his duties he hears another ship land and drops off another robot named Eve. Eve’s mission is to find any living organism and bring it back to the main ship where all the humans are living so that they can determine if it is okay to return to Earth. Wall-E is curious about Eve and would like to get better look at her and eventually he ends up falling in love with her. When Eve and Wall-E go back to the planet with the humans, they find that they are fat, lazy and all wearing red because they are under the influence of technology and being told what is the new style and what they should be eating. When they go to the captain to show him the plant that they discovered the skipper who is also a robot tries to throw the plant away because he does not want the humans to return to Earth, he likes how he is in control of them and does not want that to change. There are two global implications of this movie. The first one is an environmental message on what happens over time when we do not take care of our planet. It makes going green a natural part of everyday life and shows society that recycling and throwing away the trash is important. Recycling should be made aware to everyone so that they can see the problems that it can cause to society if not practiced at all. Recycling is also important because it helps people, saves energy, saves the Earth, and helps mitigate Global Warming, reduces Pollution and waste products in Landfills, and helps save money. When it comes to what could happen if we do not educate society on taking responsibility for their waste and disposing it in the proper way this could happen to our planet. I know that after seeing what can happen I have taken recycling more seriously and I have also made sure to educate my family and friends because I want them to do their part on going green and taking responsibility for their waste. I know this huge change on getting everyone to go green will not happen overnight but if we all are more conscious about and do our parts then I am sure that one day we can make sure that it does not happen like in the movie. The second global implication for this movie is concerning technology. In the movie humans are living in the future on a space ship because they cannot return to Earth for it is uninhabitable from all the waste. When we are introduced to the humans they are all wearing red clothes, are fat and lazy, and are all sitting on chairs either watching television or on telephone calls on tablets. That we are too dependent on routines and habits that make us distracted and not able to make our own decisions. When Wall-E ends up accidently bumping into one of the ladies she realizes that her clothes have changed color and that she finally opens her eyes and sees everything from a new perspective and realizes that she does not have to be dependent on technology. I realized that from watching this movie there are times that we do depend on technology a lot. We all have cell phones, computers, game consoles, and televisions, just to name a few. I learned that we do listen to what advertisements tell us are the greatest new items to have and most of us go out and buy them right away. It shows that if we do not take time to just stop and remember the days before technology came along this could happen to all of us. I like how at the end of the movie it showed robots and humans working together to clean up the Earth. It also showed the humans communicating with one another in person and not hiding behind a technological device. I think that in today’s society we need more one on one communication that is in person because now it is all behind technology and it takes away from the personal aspect. It shows that we can control how much consumerism and advertisements we want to give into. I think this movie is a great way to adults and humans the importance of properly disposing their waste so that this never happens and also to be conscious of how much technology they are using.

American Literature Essay

The authors use symbolism to Illustrate their idea of desolation. In â€Å"A Noiseless Patient Spider†, Whitman uses a deserted spider to portray the soul as a hopeless being desperately searching for an anchor. While Dickinson uses a still body to portray the soul as elapses and unable connect with the outside world.In Whitman poem â€Å"A Noiseless Patient Spider†, the author uses a deserted spider to portray the desolation of the soul. In my opinion, the setting strictly illustrates an idea of deservedness and the feeling of loneliness. This is shown when it is said of the spider: â€Å"l mark's, where, on a little promontory, it stood, isolated;† (Whitman line 2). The spider is set on a high place overseeing it's vast surroundings yet Is unable to spot any Indication of life. This shows that the soul, much Like the spider, Is In a state of exaltation but still has a feeling of loneliness.Even though the spider Is on a ‘promontory' It still tries to reac h out to the vacant unknown In desperate hope of touching or even connecting with something. It's almost as if Whitman is saying that the soul, in comparison to the spider, longs for some type of acknowledgement. In Emily Dickinson poem â€Å"l heard a Fly buzz†, the poet uses a still body to portray the soul as helpless and unable to connect with the outside world. It becomes clear why Dickinson would choose to design the soul as in a helpless state because when you closely examine her era you can observe that women were not given much accreditation and merit.Her gender was looked at and even treated as helpless because women In her time and society were not for recognized for being Intelligent and making rational decisions. In the poem Dickinson Is faced with a lot of adversity but reports no Indication of retaliating. For example, she was unable to react when â€Å"There Interposed a Fly – † (Dickinson line 12) to Interfere In her observations. She was also h elpless when â€Å"l willed my Keepsakes – Signed away† (Dickinson line 121 even when her belongings where being distributed there was nothing she could do r say.One of the things that contributed to Dickinson helplessness is her inability to connect with the outside world. Dickinson herself lived a very secluded life. Poets. Org states that â€Å"Throughout her life, she seldom left her home and visitors were few. † So it becomes easy to see why it was so hard to relay her feelings and objections to the people that surrounded her deathbed in the poem. Conclusively, the venture of the soul can sometimes be a desolate pilgrimage. The two authors Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson both Illustrate the barren soul in heir consecutive poems â€Å"A Noiseless Patient Spider† and â€Å"l heard a Fly buzz†.The two poems present the soul as empty vessels awaiting to be connected to some type of delve existence. In Whitman poem, he uses a deserted spider to po rtray the desolation of the soul. Whitman uses a setting which illustrates an idea of to portray the soul as helpless and unable to connect with the outside world. She inputs a lot of her life situations into her character, such as her prohibited contribution to society due to her gender and her preferred removal from her community.

nature versus nurture essays

nature versus nurture essays Nature versus Nurture: What shapes us and how do we become the people we are today? Everyday children are born; millions of new lives start each day, throughout the world. The growth and the development of these children, has been a topic of confusion and debate for years. Many psychologists are argued over what factors make up the person we are, whether they are biological or environmental. Different theories and conclusions have been drawn over what exactly shapes us, and what effects us from birth through adulthood. Though by studying the differences between theories I was able to draw from each and come up with my own conclusions about development and the nature versus nurture debate. I believe that only through knowledge of many theories are you able to get a clear understanding of development, and then only are you able to really analyze and come to your own conclusions. Once I was done studying the different theories and comparing this to my own thoughts and personal experiences with children I was able to come to my own conclusions about development I ha ve believe that nurture is much more influential on a childs development than nature is. Infants are born with about one hundred billion nerve cells. All of these nerve cells have not yet made the important connection, which determine a persons social, emotional, and intellectual make-up. Most of the connections are made in the first three years of a humans life. These connections are the most important and whoever and whatever comes in contact with the child will have an effect on them. Infant brain cells are constantly making connections and sending and receiving information from other cells. The signals which are sent and received travel from cell to cell by chemicals such as serotonin. The electrical impulses move over the synaptic gap and to the dendrites, then move down the axon to the terminal buttons, here the information is sent to another ce...

A View of Crisis Intervention for Psychotherapy - myassignmenthelp

Social work practice deals with helping people obtain visible services in terms of either counselling and psychotherapy with people and groups, it aims at helping them improve their social being and also their health services. For this to be carried out it requires knowledge of the human behaviour on how he she carry out the social and cultural well-being of institutions. it can also be referred to as a helping profession as its main aim is to boost a societies faults into good tidings especially in the regions where a problem is rampant Thyer (2010).   There is also the aspect of Management which comes from the word manage which means to forecast and to plan, to show authority over while coordinating and controlling how things are to be done and handled Thyer (2010).   Theoretically, it involves knowing how to be able to control this basic point so as to contribute to the success of an enterprise, the basics are identifying the rules, procedures, objective and mission. Management is normally handled by those in the lead of the chain in the hierarchy in the aspect of directors and managers who have the clearance to make decisions that critically carry the stability of the company. Sizes of management vary depending on the type of business as the size matters so as to be able to put it in check Sandhu, (2010).   The issue being investigated here is crisis intervention which is in a way of ensuring that a person has the proper mental tools in place and also physically so as to be able to use problems as therapeutic leverage for good positive outcomes and also the management of clients. Its priority is increasing stabilisation, it normally occurs without being prepared for in other terms at the spur of the moment type of way and happens in all types of settings, by so it can cause trauma. Crisis intervention aims at offering a helpful hand to the people who are given care due to having abnormal amounts of stress which render a person unfit even to work, it tries to stop the downward spiral that a worker may be experiencing and at least return them to their pre-crisis functioning. It occurs in societal levels and personal thus it’s a big problem that is seen around but proper ways of dealing with it are not avidly followed up Wainrib (2008).   Trauma is the process whereby a person or society experiences a given occurrence that changes their outlook on things in so that they get demoralised and lose their self-esteem and social support. It is normally captured when you see a person making threats to kill themselves, witnessing homicide or losing their belongings in terms of things that they hold really dear to themselves and cannot see themselves carrying out a task without the thing they have lost. Some of the instances that require intervention range from school shootings, natural calamities and the terrorist attacks. This type of crisis is handled by the counsellors as their basic concern is assessing the individual’s awareness of resources, as a person’s first reactions are being in denial and in shock. The crisis intervention has 6 stages that are used to help individuals and societies to regain a sense of control and restore them to their basic selves. The first stage is defining the problem, this is where the issue at hand is put in front and checked into so as to know what the problem is. By this, it helps create a bond between yourself and the person who experienced the crisis.at this stage, the aspect of being an active listener helps a lot as it Is what is used to be able to give a direct answer to what happened and why. The second stage is keeping the client safe, this is in regards to safety precautions given where the client is checked whether he she is on verge of committing suicide or homicide. So, by the aspect of keeping the client safe, they ought to remove the client's access to equipment that they may use to hurt or hurt others with, in so saying cutting of means to suicide Wainrib (2008).   Step three falls on giving support whereby when the problem at hand has been handled and also clearly defined the crisis worker should take in the client warmly and accommodate them. This is done so that they know they are loved and cared for as the crisis personnel can even chip in on the cost of basic needs for them in order to help them recuperate appropriately, and also ensuring they understand and know that there are open options of ways they can get assistance to be well Thyer (2010).   The fourth option is examining alternatives which entail the client being able to further looking into what they have and looking into what options they have to deal with the problem at hand.  Ã‚   A crisis worker comes in at the point where he she finds a client’s coping skills with the encountered problem is becoming difficult and they are not being able to control the situations that come into play. Thus, on examining alternatives it tries to help this type of people by having three categories of potential options being, situational supports who are people who work or live with the affected person and personnel who care about what actually happens to them. There are the coping mechanisms are the resources that a client can use to get through a tough change as it helps them partake in things they love doing so as to keep their minds very positive and to ensure they are able to recover smoothly and explore what they used to do in the past, present and future. The third aspe ct is having positive and constructive thinking patterns which imply having diverse ways of thinking that can be used to help the clients re-invent themselves. The fifth step is making plans this occurs after the clients have trusted the crisis worker the main step of this is to try to ensure the client regains control of their life and can help provide the client with additional support. The plans put in place ought to be realistic and must ensure it gives the clients a feeling of optimism when working forward to achieve the goals set. It aims at discontinuing the pattern of oppressing clients as it will lead to poor things. The final step of this process is getting a commitment. This is where the client and their supervisor make a schedule where the client keeps tabs on what he does and occasionally meet up with the crisis worker to ensure they are going on the right path. The social work in this is clearly seen when the crisis workers are introduced to kerb a growing problem and are used to trim down the effects of the encountered task. The theoretical paradigm in regards to the crisis intervention it states that its important for the people to take care of the situations arising in order to be able to tackle the rest that follows.   It is of dire importance for the social workers to be highly skilled so as to be able to help people in crisis. They also help individuals in decreasing their emotions of helplessness and isolation and uses social resources in making the clients regain back their normal self. Such methods that are undertaken are done through acceptance, validation, reassurance, education and brokering resources. The way of crisis intervention works with the notion of having emotional and confidentiality stability with one’s client in order to give services in a top-notch way Denicolo (2012).   There are acute stress and trauma management protocols that are put in stages they include, assessing for danger in terms for safety for self and also other allies, this is for the victim and counsellor who might have been affected by the trauma. After that, they should consider the mechanism of injury in regards to physical or perceptual. When injury has been looked at the victim’s responsiveness should be gauged, this comes into place as when medical needs are needed   Crisis intervention relevance in the topic social work whereby social work is described in the beginning of this research says that it deals with helping people obtain visible services in terms of either counselling or psychotherapy with people and groups, it aims at helping them improve their social being and also their health services. For this to be carried out it requires knowledge of the human behaviour on how he she carry out the social and cultural well-being of institutions. it can also be referred to as a helping profession as its main aim is to boost a societies faults into good tidings especially in the regions where a problem is rampant. Social work practice is relevant in crisis intervention as people have considerable capacitates for handling the problematic situations faced. Stressful events do not cause crises they are actually determined by the feedback due to specific stressful circumstances. The aspect of social work in terms of crisis intervention can also be seen in the structure of Rakuten groups organisations as it starts off with the board of directors these are the people who govern and manage the company and make important decisions like appointing the CEO. They oversee the company’s growth and businesses while assessing better roads to partake. The group headquarters follows suite as that’s the main area where the company’s major operations lay it fosters the branches of the company and ensures they operate accordingly Denicolo (2012).   After that, the company division falls after that followed by the finance and accounting division where all finances or matters dealing with finance are handled here it’s a department solely majoring on that so as to majorly look for ways to improve n to monitor money usage. There’s then the technology division that does the information technology duality and tries to keep the company updated on software’s to use and to help the company keep up with demanding technology and how to fuse it into their system. The operation and marketing division deals with how the day to day activities are being run and also chips in by marketing and selling the company’s products to consumers to broaden the company’s horizon. The HR administration deals with firing and hiring of people in the organisation it helps run the company’s need for people to work gets the people and trains them on how to work with and in the organisation. This structure is made in a way that it helps the company build its brand and make it be as stable and conducive producing the top-notch products and services giving it it’s all in the various departments so as it’s an equal status on work Lincoln & Gerlach, (2010).   In regards to its culture, it has a unique corporate culture as it brings about the spirit of entrepreneurship and a sense of unity. The design of the company’s workplaces sustains and makes the diversity more appealing. The culture is followed strictly as it’s what they are used to and what helps them be better and stand out from the rest. In their culture, they have the Asakai -morning meetings where all employees attend and is held once per week where the head Mr Hiroshi Mikitani covers his views on what he wants to see being taken underplay and also updates from the various personal businesses within the Rakuten group. This Asakai is vital as the employees are able to share their thoughts and difficulties with the head management so as to see if the solution can be found. It I really vital as it is done the beginning of every week so as to kick start the week with momentum. The Asakai is held in high regards as it helps focus everyone’s mind on the things being brought up while being discussed Wischenbart, (2012). The weekly desk cleaning culture, this has been the trait since the founding of the company right up to the CEO whereby every employee is mandated to clean their desk area once a week this was started so as the employees mind would be free to think and know that they are all connected to the company in their own different aspects. This tightens the bond as the whole company at that moment showcases unity as one team which directly shows in what it gives it in service is top notched. Asakai structural design this is quite unique aspect of culture as the building is set up in a way that the podium is easily visible from every direction and the audio is made to be of high-quality to allow proper video conferencing to feel very good so as every person to feel as though they are attending a said meeting Bartol & Martin (2014).   Another angle in their culture that helps them stand out is they present what matters which keeps the people up to date with activities that are in the public eye. There is also the lively questions and answers that are usually in the morning meetings that makes it a hardbound character which is hard to break apart as it largely falls on policies set and given and is executed with sharp minds. Commending outstanding employees this helps in making the company have competitive workers in the organisation and by commending them helps to uplift their spirits that what they are doing is worthwhile and the company does appreciate their efforts Wis Chen Bart, (2012).   Workspace is a comfortable and working environment that allows proper active communication whereby space is good enough and there are no apparent distractions that can thwart one’s concentration levels, as a good working environment means a happy client and happy worker. Has a cafeteria that offers all meals free of charge to encourage positive growth and also to give the workers proper breaks during their working hours to stretch eat and be health and be okay while working there offering a subtle environment. The innovative culture leads to success this is clearly seen as the company is able to add up new techniques to make the employees be able to operate and execute smoothly their work without many problems. Technology is highly regarded as the most upcoming and blooming venture where if many things are up to date the flow of information and processing increases drastically giving it a competitive edge. The leadership of the Rakuten group is by Hiroshi Mikitani who founded the group and is the chief executive. He is a hands-on leader who carries out his duties diligently and is humble in his tidings as he avails himself in all meetings and weekly talks to his employees and allows them to ask questions and ideas to improve the company and also their working space. Through this type of leadership of being able to participate in the working of the company build a united team as the workers get encouraged by such Denicolo (2012).   Transformation leadership is where the boss works hand in hand with subordinates to note needed things to change n make a good visionary move of where to be. This brings up success in an organisation where it’s the accomplishment of a target one has put for themselves and works hand in hand to achieve the said targets put up. All these try to show how crisis intervention is tried to be reached by incorporating actions where the business growth and leadership skills help garner proper ways to deal with problems encountered when in face to face with troubles. It tries to show how social work is beneficial and how it gives options and ways to work hand in hand with the personnel who get affected by either catastrophe’s that would occur and damage clients in an organisation. CSR acts as a self-regulation which gets incorporated in a business idea.   It has an aspect called Information management which deals with running an organisations information resources so as to be able to help improve the performance of the business. It focuses on the activities that are needed to control a company’s records as the personnel are referred to as important but not critical resources. It uses information technology resources and also by virtue of overseeing information resources. Knowledge management is the process of creating, acquiring, sharing and using the information acquired in order to allow learning in organisations. It carries people as a critical component to being supervised, as it is strategized to help improve the businesses performance and also add value to an organisation through a set key of processes which involve knowledge sharing Malloch (2013).   All these aspects of management fall under the CSR as they help integrate the protocols broug ht in hand to be accustomed and placed in the working system of an organization. I agree that the CSR is really important to an organization as it benefits both the society and the organist ion as both of them end in gaining from the ongoing aspect which is advantageous. It brings about positive competition and those which have good potential of making the environment better and safer for normal workings. Some of the advantage of CSR are improves the overall outlook of an organization this acts as a plus as an organization may get a good will value just for having incorporated the responsibility point as it shows commitment of good tidings. Another point is that it increases the keeping of employees and indirectly acts as a marketing tool whereby it attracts more clients as it is seen to encompass the worth to respect the social responsibilities quota Denicolo (2012) When regulatory authorities know that an organization follows the rules that set-in place they behave very well. This in turn acts as an added advantage to an organization as it does not get roughed up and rudely interrupted to show whether it follows the said rules by this it gives the company a fast-paced reference which it optimizes and allows it to be better Contreras (2010).   As the organization grows and expand s more it branches in more diverse ways allowing the organization to explore more alternatives on the environment and try see whether more output can be handed out in an easy understandable way. The aspect of good image brings in investors who are attracted to an organization as they see it follows orders and that it adds up new tactic to be better and also help out in community duties. This factor facilitates the image uplift and also can make the government want to do investments with the organization as they also would want to be associated with organizations that are friendly and following the rules concerning the environment. The making of renewable energy from the worlds own ground in terms of the environment this acts as a big change in the organization and it impacts it itself by virtue of adhering to the protocols put in place to follow the given guidelines without fail and to honor their green code.   By virtue of having a resound mind the organization is able to explore more wid range ideas like the aspect of investing in renewable energy sources where it can largely benefit as it has carried out research on what to do and when to do it Contreras (2010).   Setbacks that are encountered in terms of when having to implement the social responsibility plan is that there happens to be movements moving on the profits margin to the set targets of the organization. By this there is the policy of the unknown which states that a company’s first calling is to make profits not having investments thus due to this it alters the outflow of money and cuts down the rates of profits Norris (2012). When a company is planning to disclose its shortcoming it momentarily suspends itself in a position where it may take a hit that may create an unplanned for catastrophe in terms of destabilizing an organization planning relations. Proper carrying out of implementation lays out advantages that foster boosted markets and capital. It transcends the act of ethics as the organization is able to walk with its head held high as it fully shows how it has matured and diversified thus helping the social responsibilities act by ensuring the environment is safe guarded and protected. In an organization are able to see the usefulness of waste materials and are encouraged to recycle them back so as they can be fully utilized with insight to others do not disintegrate thus reuse is a good fit for the organization Hopkins (2007). The relevance of human rights is seen in organizations due to the drastic growth in market structure.   It is deemed that they act as the pillars that upraise the standards of an organization growing and facilitate the transformation from a small business into a corporation, this is so as the grown organizations tend to carry the weight of being socially responsible to what occurs in order to be able to influence potential investors and consumers. An outstanding aspect of the crisis prevention is the way in which it carries itself full of dominance in angle of acting in a responsible way and also sustainability wise. These two are so as it encourages the reduction in workload with the local authorities and also pinpoints new opportunities presenting themselves in front of the budding plan. Companies are encouraged to incorporate the CSR into their systems as it has more of profits than limitations thereby giving a company a competitive edge over its competitor’s due to having a good ear in following up in the intervention series learning in an organization. The benefits of social work are majorly not in terms of financially or material wise. its satisfaction is trying to get the world working much better as they are driven by the notion of having a great desire to help people. Crisis intervention aims at offering a helpful hand to the people who are given care due to having abnormal amounts of stress which render a person unfit even to work, it tries to stop the downward spiral that a worker may be experiencing and at least return them to their pre-crisis functioning. It occurs in societal levels and personal thus it’s a big problem that is seen around but proper ways of dealing with it are not avidly followed up Wainrib (2008). On the benefits both the client and the worker receive an ongoing feedback as they continue succeeding in the pursuit of resuming stability. In some scenarios plans can be changed in advance depending on the outcomes that occur. Also in other perspectives, timely corrective feedback helps in catching and rectifying harmful unintended effects at a very early point, in situations where there needs to be done a careful review the practice is sort of given a guesswork type of frame on it. The practice deals with helping people obtain visible services in terms of either counselling and psychotherapy with people and groups, it aims at helping them improve their social being and also their health services. Offredy & Vickers,   (2013).  Developing a Healthcare Research Proposal: an Interactive Student Guide. Hoboken, Wiley.   Denscombe,   (2012).  Research proposals: a practical guide. Maidenhead, Open University Press. Punch,   (2016).  Developing Effective Research Proposals. London, SAGE Publications.   Denicolo & Becker,   (2012).  Developing research proposals.   Ogden   & Goldberg, (2012).  Research proposals: a guide to success. San Diego, Calif, Academic Press. France, (2014).  Crisis intervention: a handbook of immediate person-to-person help Aguilera, (2008).  Crisis intervention: theory and methodology. St. Louis, Missouri, Mosby. Jacobson, (2011).  Crisis intervention in the 1980s. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Wainrib & Bloch, (2008).  Crisis intervention and trauma response: theory and practice. New York, Springer. Brayne & Carr, (2012).  Law for social workers. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Thyer, (2010).  Cultural diversity and social work practice. Springfield, Charles C Thomas Publisher.